Question 1

Which type of necrosis is commonly associated with tuberculosis?*

A. Fat necrosis

B. Liquefactive necrosis

C. Caseous necrosis

D. Coagulative necrosis

Question 2

A nurse identifies that a client’s hemoglobin level is decreasing and is concerned about tissue hypoxia. An increase in what diagnostic test result indicates acceleration in oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin.*

A. PCO2

B. HCO3

C. pH

D. PO2

Question 3

Which of the following is a common symptom of anemia?*

A. High blood pressure

B. Excessive sweating

C. Increased appetite

D. Shortness of breath

Question 4

A nurse is caring for a client with an infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. The nurse should assess this client for responses associated with which illness?*

A. Spinal meningitis

B. Rheumatoid arthritis

C. Hepatitis A

D. Rheumatic fever

Question 5

A client is admitted with metabolic acidosis. The nurse considers that two body systems interact with the bicarbonate buffer system to preserve healthy body fluid pH. What two body systems should the nurse assess for compensatory changes?*

A. Respiratory and urinary

B. Circulatory and urinary

C. Skeletal and nervous

D. Muscular and endocrine

Question 6

A nurse is caring for a client on bed rest. How can the nurse help prevent a pulmonary embolus?*

A. Teach the client how to exercise the legs.

B. Maintain the knee gatch position at an angle.

C. Encourage use of the incentive spirometer.

D. Limit the client’s fluid intake.

Question 7

The client also has the nursing diagnosis Decreased Cardiac Output related to decrease plasma volume. Which finding on assessment supports this nursing diagnosis?*

A. Flattened neck veins when client is in supine position

B. Full and bounding pedal and post-tibial pulses

C. Pitting edema located in feet, ankles, and calves

D. Shallow respirations with crackles on auscultation

Question 8

What is the main physiological consequence of constrictive pericarditis?*

A. Increased myocardial contractility

B. Increased stroke volume

C. Decreased ventricular filling and reduced cardiac output

D. Sudden rupture of the pericardium

Question 9

What clinical indicators is the nurse most likely to identify when taking the admission history of a client with left ventricular failure?*

A. Chronic coughing or wheezing

B. Rebound tenderness

C. Jugular venous distention

D. Primary hypertension

Question 10

Nyiranzage was rushed to Gihundwe District hospital due to vomiting and a decreased level of consciousness. The patient displays slow and deep (Kussmaul breathing), and he is lethargic and irritable in response to stimulation. He appears to be dehydrated, his eyes are sunken and mucous membranes are dry—and he has a two-week history of polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.0, PaO2 90 mm Hg, PaCO2 23 mm Hg, and HCO3 12 mmol/L; other results are Na+ 126 mmol/L, K+ 5 mmol/L, and Cl- 95 mmol/L. What is your assessment?*

A. Metabolic Alkalosis, Uncompensated

B. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated

C. Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated

D. Metabolic Acidosis, Partially, Compensated

Question 11

A client is prescribed prolonged bed rest after surgery. Which complication does the nurse expect to prevent by teaching this client to avoid pressure on the popliteal space?*

A. Dry gangrene of a limb

B. Pulmonary embolism

C. Coronary vessel occlusion

D. Cerebral embolism

Question 12

What is the main pathophysiological effect of mitral stenosis on the heart?*

A. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys

B. Decreased left ventricular filling and increased left atrial pressure

C. Decreased pulmonary pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy

D. Increased cardiac output due to aortic valve regurgitation

Question 13

A client with angina complains that the angina pain is prolonged and severe and occurs at the same time each day, most often in the morning, on further assessment a nurse notes that the pain occurs in the absence of precipitating factors and at rest. This type of anginal pain is best described as:*

A. Unstable angina

B. Variant angina

C. Stable angina

D. Non-anginal pain

Question 14

What clinical indicators is the nurse most likely to identify when taking the admission history of the client with right ventricular failure?*

A. Jugular venous distention

B. Primary hypertension

C. Rebound tenderness

D. Chronic coughing or wheezing

Question 15

Blood Pressure that is rapidly progressive with diastolic above 140 mmHg can cause cerebral edema/loss of function, which of the following terms best describes this type of BP*

A. Isolated hypertension

B. Prehypertension

C. Myocardial infarction

D. Malignant hypertension

Question 16

Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to detect myocardial ischemia?*

A. Spirometry

B. Electrocardiogram (ECG)

C. Liver function test

D. Chest X-ray

Question 17

A patient is admitted in internal medicine since 1 month ago, this morning the patient reports left leg swelling and discomfort when standing or walking, in your assessment there is edema, localized warmth and erythema, further assessment shows a positive Homan sign and a venous cord. This is:*

A. Atherosclerosis

B. Pulmonary embolism

C. Deep vein thrombosis

D. Malignant cancer

Question 18

Baby Murorunkwere was rushed to the Emergency Room following her mother’s complaint that the infant has been irritable, difficult to breastfeed, and has had diarrhea for the past 3 days. The infant’s respiratory rate is elevated and the fontanels are sunken. The Emergency Room physician orders ABGs after assessing the ABCs. The results from the ABG results show pH 7.39, PaCO2 27 mmHg, and HCO3 19 mEq/L. What does this mean?*

A. Metabolic Acidosis, Uncompensated

B. Metabolic Acidosis, Fully Compensated

C. Respiratory Alkalosis, Fully Compensated

D. Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensate

Question 19

As level 2 student you have to explain determinants of Stroke Volume to level 1 general nursing students; choose the best answer:*

A. Contractility is the measure of the cardiac pump performance the degree to which pericardial fibers can shorten when activated by a stimulus dependent of the preload and afterload.

B. Preload is the pressure generated in the lungs in order to get enough oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide

C. Afterload is the pressure generated by the heart muscle to overcome systemic resistance at end-diastole in order to maintain cardiac output.

Question 20

A client is in a state of uncompensated acidosis. What approximate arterial blood pH does the nurse expect the client to have?*

A. 7.48

B. 7.35

C. 7.20

D. 7.45

Question 21

Kanuma is a 54-year-old with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and was rushed to Kibogora hospital emergency department with increasing shortness of breath, pyrexia, and a productive cough with yellow-green sputum. He has difficulty communicating because of his inability to complete a sentence. One of his sons, Jacob, says he has been unwell for three days. Upon examination, crackles and wheezes can be heard in the lower lobes; he has tachycardia and a bounding pulse. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.3, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, HCO3 28 mmol/L, and PaO2 60 mm Hg. How would you interpret this?*

A. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated

B. Metabolic Alkalosis, Uncompensated

C. Metabolic Acidosis, Partially Compensated

D. Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated

Question 22

Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to detect myocardial ischemia?*

A. Liver function test

B. Spirometry

C. Chest X-ray

D. Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 23

What clinical indicators is the nurse most likely to identify when taking the admission history of the client with right ventricular failure?*

A. Chronic coughing or wheezing

B. Primary hypertension

C. Rebound tenderness

D. Jugular venous distention

Question 24

Which type of hypertension has no identifiable cause?*

A. Resistant Hypertension

B. Primary (Essential)Hypertension

C. Malignant Hypertension

D. Secondary Hypertension

Question 25

An elderly client was admitted to hospital in a coma. Analysis of the arterial blood gave the following values: PCO2 16 mm Hg, HCO3- 5 mmol/L and pH 7.1. As a nurse, you know that the normal value for HCO3 is:*

A. 24 mmol/L

B. 31 mmol/L

C. 20 mmol/L

D. 29 mmol/L

Submit Quiz