Question 1

A premature newborn (32 weeks) develops abdominal distension, bloody stools, and an X-ray showing pneumatosis intestinalis. What is the most likely diagnosis?*

A. Hirschsprung disease

B. Necrotizing enterocolitis

C. Pyloric stenosis

D. Intussusception

Question 2

A 3-year-old presents with high fever, bloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain. What is the most likely infectious cause?*

A. Rotavirus

B. Cholera

C. Shigella

D. Giardi

Question 3

A 6-month-old infant vomits and shows signs of dehydration. He has a history of repeated vomiting but is still hungry after each episode. Visible peristaltic waves are noted. What is the most likely condition?*

A. Gastroesophageal reflux

B. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

C. Gastroenteritis

D. Oral thrush

Question 4

A premature newborn in the NICU develops NEC Stage III. Which of the following is a key feature of this stage?*

A. Occult blood in stool only

B. Pneumatosis intestinalis

C. Bowel perforation

D. Non-bilious vomiting

Question 5

A 10-year-old presents with periumbilical pain that later moves to the right lower quadrant, with fever and vomiting. McBurney's point is tender. What is the most likely diagnosis?*

A. Intussusception

B. Appendicitis

C. Peptic ulcer disease

D. GERD

Question 6

A 2-month-old infant is brought with poor feeding and white patches in the mouth that do not wipe off. What is the most appropriate treatment?*

A. Oral rehydration solution

B. Nystatin oral suspension

C. Proton pump inhibitor

D. Zinc supplements

Question 7

A child with acute watery diarrhea is alert, has sunken eyes, and a skin pinch of 1–2 seconds. What level of dehydration is this?*

A. No dehydration

B. Mild dehydration

C. Moderate dehydration

D. Severe dehydration

Question 8

A 7-month-old child suddenly cries in pain, pulls knees to chest, and later passes a “currant jelly” stool. What is the most likely diagnosis?*

A. Viral gastroenteritis

B. Appendicitis

C. Intussusception

D. Volvulus

Question 9

A 4-week-old infant presents with projectile, non-bilious vomiting after every feed. On exam, an olive-shaped mass is felt in the right upper abdomen. What is the primary electrolyte abnormality expected?*

A. Hyperkalemia

B. Metabolic alkalosis

C. Metabolic acidosis

D. Hyponatremia

Question 10

A newborn presents immediately after birth with excessive frothy secretions, choking, coughing, and cyanosis during the first feeding. The abdomen is distended. What is the most likely condition?*

A. Cleft palate

B. Tracheoesophageal fistula

C. GERD

D. Oral thrush

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