Question 1

The S3 heart sound is best described as:*

A. A normal finding in all adults

B. Occurring during early diastolic filling

C. Due to closure of semilunar valves

D. Heard before S1

Question 2

The S4 heart sound is caused by:*

A. Ventricular ejection

B. Atrial contraction into a stiff ventricle

C. Semilunar valve closure

D. Increased blood viscosity

Question 3

The term “gallop rhythm” refers to:*

A. Murmur during systole

B. Presence of S3 and/or S4

C. Regular rhythm

D. Valve stenosis

Question 4

A murmur is described as a:*

A. Sharp, clicking sound

B. Gentle, blowing or whooshing sound

C. Short, snapping sound

D. Rhythmic lub-dub

Question 5

Which factor may cause a flow murmur?*

A. Stenotic valve

B. High blood velocity during exercise

C. Thick blood viscosity

D. Aortic regurgitation

Question 6

S1 is usually loudest at the:*

A. Base of the heart

B. Right 2nd intercostal space

C. Left 2nd intercostal space

D. Apex of the heart

Question 7

When auscultating heart sounds, the diaphragm of the stethoscope is used to:*

A. Detect high-pitched sounds like S1 and S2

B. Detect low-pitched sounds

C. Detect extra heart sounds only

D. Measure pulse rate

Question 8

A carotid bruit indicates:*

A. Normal blood flow

B. Valve stenosis

C. Turbulent flow due to arterial narrowing

D. Increased cardiac output

Question 9

The capillary refill time (CRT) longer than 2 seconds indicates:*

A. Good perfusion

B. Poor peripheral circulation

C. Normal cardiac function

D. Increased stroke volume

Question 10

When inspecting jugular veins, distention above 45 degrees suggests:*

A. Hypovolemia

B. Low blood pressure

C. Normal venous pressure

D. Increased central venous pressure (heart failure)

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